[Adolescent made of crystal Psychological problems of adolescents who have a parent with cancer- a qualitative research]

Background: Living with a parent having cancer would be intolerable for their children. Adolescents usually encounter much more emotional problems than others and will be especially more affected during the period of passage from childhood to adolescence. Regarding the fact that these affects are varied depending on their family structure and culture, researchers decided to investigate the main problems of adolescents had a parent with cancer in Iran

Materials and methods: This qualitative research with descriptive- explorative design was done on 27 participants. Semi-structured interviews were used for gathering data and constant comparative analysis method was used for analyzing

Results: The main problems of adolescents who had parents with cancer were in seven themes, and among them psychological problems had the most codes, and in the theme of adolescent made of crystal we have described it in details

Conclusion: Psychological problems of adolescents having parents with cancer in Iran are the same as other countries with this difference that in Iran, we do not have educational- supportive program for reducing these problems therefore necessary steps should be taken for preparing and implementing this program

Anxiety of women employees and the process of maternal role

Regarding the social and economic changes and developments, the increasing presence of working women in the present society and their important role in the family, paying more attentions to the importance of maternal role among working women who face multiple roles seems to be necessary. Hence, the process of maternal role among working women has been investigated in this study. The grounded theory approach is used in this qualitative research. In-depth and unstructured interviews were the main way in collecting the data. Initially, the targeted sampling was started and continued gradually to the data saturation, in the form of theoretical sampling based on the obtained classes. The data was analyzed using Strauss and Corbin analysis. Accuracy and validity by four criteria in this study included: Credibility, dependability, Confirmable potential, Transferability or Fittingness. Data analysis led to the identification of the core variable of role conflict. The main classes of occupied mothers' experiences included: different pregnancy experience, returning concerns, supportive umbrella, role assignation, role overlap, role strain, gradual acceptance, satisfaction and erosion. The acceptance of numerous roles such as maternal and marital roles by working women creates various role expectations of them from their children, spouses, family and the society which in turn forces them to meet both family and job requirements and expectations; This causes role conflict in working mothers and endure a lot of pressure and stress, that can influences of mental and physical health of the mothers

[ effect of lecture in comparison with lecture and problem based learning on nursing students self-efficacy in Najafabad Islamic Azad university]

Introduction: Self-efficacy has an important role in applying scientific and professional knowledge and skills. Teaching methods can develop different skills such as decision making capability. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of teaching method of lecture in comparison with lecture and problem based learning on nursing students' self-efficacy in Najafabad Islamic Azad University during 2008-2009

Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 44 nursing students who had been admitted to the university in 2006, were selected through random sampling method. Then, they were assigned in to two experiment and control groups, randomly. The data gathering tool was the Iranian edition of Generalized Self Efficacy questionnaire [GSE10]. The data were analyzed by version 15 of SPSS software using mean, standard deviation and independent t-test and paired t-test

Results: The self-efficacy score increased significantly in both lecture [p<.004] and PBL [P<.001] groups. Although the mean score of post-test was higher in PBL group compared to the lecture group, no significant difference was observed comparing the mean of the difference between pre and post-tests in the two groups

Conclusion: According to this study, effective education can promote student's self-efficacy in order to carry out the related performance. Considering the higher mean score of the PBL group, it is recommended to pay more attention to this educational method in higher education curriculum